Vietnam Visa Requirements for European Microstates 2026: Liechtenstein, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City

This guide first covers the visa options with documents, fees and processing times, second passports, the arrival steps at Vietnamese airports, customs rules and the exit rules. After that, each country has its own section with the Vietnamese embassy that covers it, flights and lost-passport contacts. Switzerland, Austria, Italy and other European countries have their own rules, and many of them are on Vietnam’s visa exemption list.

We are a private visa service, not the Vietnamese government or an embassy. The Vietnam Immigration Department decides every visa. You can always apply for an e-visa yourself on the official portal evisa.gov.vn for the government fee only. Facts checked in November 2026.

Vietnam visa requirements for European microstates at a glance

Do citizens of European microstates need a visa for Vietnam?

Yes. Passports of all five countries need a visa for every trip to mainland Vietnam, whether for a holiday, business or a family visit. Vietnam’s visa exemption list covers 39 countries in 2026, and none of the five is on it. See our Vietnam visa exemption list.

There are three exceptions:

• Phu Quoc island. All nationalities can stay on Phu Quoc for up to 30 days without a visa when arriving there directly from abroad. You need a visa as soon as you travel on to the mainland.
• Airside transit. If you change planes in Vietnam without leaving the international transit area, you do not need a visa. With two separate tickets, however, you collect your bags and pass immigration, so you need a visa.
• 5-year visa exemption certificate. Citizens of Vietnamese origin, and spouses or children of Vietnamese citizens, can apply for a visa exemption certificate. It is valid for up to 5 years, with stays of up to 180 days each time. Issued in Vietnam, it costs USD 10 (Circular 28/2026/TT-BTC).

Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs lists no visa exemption for any passport type of the five countries.

Residents and second passports

Many people who live in Liechtenstein, Andorra, Monaco or San Marino are not citizens of the country where they live, and some citizens also hold a second nationality. Your residence permit does not change the Vietnam rules: what counts is the passport you travel on.

Keep two rules in mind: enter and leave Vietnam on the same passport, and book your flights with that passport’s details. An e-visa is valid only for the passport it was issued for. The exemptions under Resolution 229/NQ-CP cover tourism only, so for business on such a passport you need a visa.

Dual Vietnamese citizens. Vietnam does not generally recognise dual citizenship. If you also hold Vietnamese citizenship, Vietnam may treat you as a Vietnamese citizen, so enter and leave on the same passport.

Vietnam e-visa: the easiest option for all five countries

For almost every traveller, the e-visa is the easiest way to meet the Vietnam visa requirements for European microstates. You apply online from Vaduz, Andorra la Vella, Monaco, San Marino or anywhere else, and the approval arrives as a PDF.

What you need:

• A clear scan of your passport photo page.
• A recent portrait photo, 4 × 6 cm, white background, looking straight at the camera, without glasses.
• Your entry and exit dates, and the airport, seaport or land border where you will enter.
• Your hotel or host address in Vietnam.
• A PayPal or Alipay account (PayPal also takes cards).

Cost and time. The government fee is USD 25 for single entry and USD 50 for multiple entry. The official target is 3 working days, but busy periods take longer. Through our service, a 30-day single-entry e-visa starts at 60 USD in 4 working days, government fee included, and you can pay by PayPal or Alipay.

Apply when? At least 2 to 3 weeks before you fly, and earlier for Christmas, Easter, the school holidays and the summer.

Check your e-visa status and print it

• Save your registration code when you submit. You need it, with your email and date of birth, to check the status on evisa.gov.vn.
• Check the status yourself. The portal does not always email you when it asks for a correction, so a status that stays “In processing” can hide a request for more information.
• Print two copies of the approved e-visa, and check every field against your passport before you fly.
• Your e-visa dates are the limit. You can enter and stay only between the “from” and “to” dates on the e-visa.

Common e-visa mistakes

• Names. Enter every name exactly as printed in the passport, in the same order. The passport’s machine-readable lines use A to Z only, so accents and umlauts are written differently there (for example “MÜLLER” may appear as “MUELLER”). Copy the spelling of those lines.
• Wrong passport. If you have two passports, apply with the one you will actually travel on.
• Entry port type. Choose the right type of entry point. In practice, an e-visa for an airport works at any international airport, but not at a land border or seaport.
• Single entry. If you also visit Cambodia, Laos or Thailand and come back, choose a multiple-entry e-visa.
• Look-alike websites. The official portal is evisa.gov.vn. Other sites, including ours, are private services that charge a service fee. Be careful with any site that promises guaranteed approval, shows countdown timers, or asks for your passport before it states its full price.

For more examples, see our guide to Vietnam e-visa mistakes.

Need a Vietnam visa urgently?

All five countries use Central European Time with summer time. Vietnam does not change its clocks, so it is 6 hours ahead in winter and 5 hours ahead in summer. So order before you go to bed, or by 08:00 in winter (09:00 in summer) for the 14:00 cut-off of the 4-hour service. For weekends and Vietnamese public holidays, email our partner at info@vietnamimmigration.org. Read more in our urgent Vietnam visa guide. If you applied yourself and the status still shows “In processing”, a speed-up of your application costs less than a new one.

Vietnam visa on arrival

With a visa on arrival, you first get an approval letter, arranged before you fly by an agency such as ours. Then you collect a 15-day, single-entry visa at the counter of the airport, seaport or land border on your letter. This option suits short trips, and it meets the Vietnam visa requirements for European microstates just as well as an e-visa.

On arrival, you also pay a USD 25 stamping fee in cash, in US dollars, so buy dollars before you leave home. Bring clean, undamaged notes, because torn or heavily marked dollar bills are often refused in Vietnam. You also need the NA1 form with 1 photo attached, plus 1 spare photo; see our NA1 form guide. Read every step in our Vietnam visa on arrival guide.

Which Vietnam visa is best?

Pros and cons:

• E-visa. Pros: online from anywhere, up to 90 days, multiple entry possible. Cons: the details must match the passport exactly, and the government portal gives no personal support.
• Visa on arrival. Pros: quick approval letter. Cons: only 15 days and single entry, plus a counter stop and USD 25 in cash on arrival.
• Embassy visa. Pros: the route for work visas and the 5-year exemption certificate. Cons: the embassy is in another country, and your passport is held.

Embassy fees. Under Circular 163/2026/TT-BTC, an embassy single-entry visa costs USD 25 and a multiple-entry visa of up to 3 months costs USD 50. These are the same as the government e-visa fees, so the e-visa saves you the trip. For urgent processing, ask the embassy or consulate for its official fee. A tourist e-visa does not allow work: working in Vietnam needs a work permit and a work visa sponsored by your employer in Vietnam.

Our advice: For a trip of two or three weeks, a 30-day single-entry e-visa is enough. Choose a 90-day multiple-entry e-visa for a longer stay or a tour that also takes in Cambodia, Laos or Thailand.

Entry procedure: arriving at a Vietnamese airport

Flights and transit

None of the five countries has flights to Vietnam from its own territory, so travellers start from a nearby airport. Paris Charles de Gaulle has non-stop flights to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Munich to both cities and Milan Malpensa to Hanoi, according to FlightConnections (November 2026). From Zurich, Nice, Barcelona and Rome, most travellers connect in Paris, Istanbul, Doha, Dubai, Bangkok or Singapore. Check your flight times and departure terminal with your airline before you travel. With two separate tickets on a connection, leave plenty of time between flights, because you may need to collect your bags and check in again.

Before you land: the pre-arrival declaration

The pre-arrival declaration is not a visa, but it is now part of the Vietnam visa requirements for European microstates at every international airport. Complete it free at prearrival.immigration.gov.vn within 3 days before you land, and save the QR code. If you travel on a visa on arrival, fill it in at the airport after the visa counter, because it asks for your visa details. It is mandatory for foreign travellers at every international airport in Vietnam. Unless you travel on a visa on arrival, complete it before you leave home, because Wi-Fi and mobile data at the arrival airport can be slow. If you have not done it before the flight, scan the QR codes in the immigration area and fill it in there.

Step by step from the aircraft

1. Leave the aircraft and follow the “Arrivals” and “Immigration” signs.
2. Visa on arrival counter, only with an approval letter: hand in the NA1 form, photos and USD 25, then wait for your name.
3. Passport control. Show your passport and e-visa. Then check the entry stamp before you leave the counter.
4. Baggage claim. Report a missing bag at the airline desk before customs.
5. Customs. Green lane for nothing to declare, red lane for cash or goods above the limits.
6. Arrivals hall. Buy a SIM card, withdraw dong, and find your transport.

Read our full Vietnam entry procedure guide (also in French).

Which airports have the longest queues?

From our airport team’s experience, queues are longest at these airports, from worst to lightest:

1. Tan Son Nhat (SGN), Ho Chi Minh City: late evening and early morning.
2. Noi Bai (HAN), Hanoi: evening peaks.
3. Da Nang (DAD): evening waves of flights from North Asia.
4. Cam Ranh (CXR), Nha Trang: when charter flights land together.
5. Phu Quoc (PQC): shorter, but growing fast.

After a long-haul flight, a long immigration queue is the last thing you want. With our Vietnam airport fast track, our staff meet you before immigration and take you through the priority lane, from USD 45 per person. Book at least 3 days before your flight: bookings for a flight 2 days ahead, the next day or the same day carry an urgent surcharge of USD 20, 30 or 50 per person.

Avoid scams at the airport

• Use official transport. Choose the taxi rank, a Grab ride booked in the app, or well-known taxi companies such as Vinasun, Mai Linh or Xanh SM.
• Agree the fare first, or check that the meter is on.
• Bring US dollars or euros. US dollars and euros are both easy to exchange in Vietnam; bring clean, undamaged notes, or use an ATM. The USD 25 visa on arrival fee must be paid in US dollars.
• Keep your passport with you. No one in the arrivals hall needs it to “help” with your visa.
• Count your change. The VND 20,000 and VND 500,000 notes are both blue and easy to mix up.

Vietnam customs rules

Customs checks are the last of the Vietnam visa requirements for European microstates on arrival. The rules are the same for every nationality.

Points for travellers from the five countries

• Wine and spirits. Wine falls under the 2-litre allowance for drinks below 20%, and spirits above 20% under the 1.5-litre allowance, per adult. Declare any more.
• Chocolate, cheese and other food gifts. Chocolate and sealed retail packs for personal use and gifts are normally fine within the VND 10 million allowance. Cheese, ham and other meat or dairy products are animal products and may be checked by quarantine officers.
• Cash and gold. Declare cash above USD 5,000 (or the equivalent in euros or Swiss francs) and gold from 300 g, including gold jewellery you wear.
• Drugs. Vietnam’s drug laws are very strict: trafficking can carry the death penalty. Cannabis is an illegal drug in Vietnam, whatever the rules at home. Leave CBD products at home too, because they can contain THC. Never carry a bag or parcel for someone else.
• Vapes. Banned in Vietnam from 1 January 2025, including possession. Customs can confiscate them, so leave them at home.
• Prescription medicine. Strong painkillers such as tramadol, ADHD medicines and some sleeping tablets are controlled. Bring them in the original packaging, with your prescription and a doctor’s letter in English, and only the amount you need.

For more details, read the complete Vietnam customs rules guide (also in French).

Vietnam visa for Liechtenstein citizens

Liechtenstein passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam; Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs lists no visa exemption for any Liechtenstein passport type.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in Liechtenstein. The Vietnamese Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein, according to VietnamPlus, the news site of the Vietnam News Agency (October 2026).

The Embassy’s contact page does not show opening hours, so call or email before you go. For a tourist or business trip, you do not need the Embassy at all, because the e-visa and the visa on arrival letter are both arranged online.

Flights. Liechtenstein has no airport. Most travellers fly from Zurich (ZRH), which has no non-stop flights to Vietnam but year-round flights to Istanbul, Dubai, Doha, Bangkok, Singapore and Hong Kong; others drive to Munich for its non-stop flights to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

Lost passport. Liechtenstein’s government says that Swiss representations generally safeguard the interests of Liechtenstein citizens abroad. First, report the loss to the local police. Then contact the Swiss Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City, which handles consular affairs for all of Vietnam:

These contacts come from the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Call before you go.

Vietnam visa for Andorran citizens

Andorran passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam; Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs lists no visa exemption for any Andorran passport type.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in Andorra. Andorra has been covered by the Vietnamese Ambassador to France: he presented his credentials in Andorra in April 2022, according to Quân đội Nhân dân, the newspaper of the Vietnam People’s Army, and in May 2022 Monaco’s government also listed him as accredited to Andorra. A new Ambassador took up the post in Paris in 2026, so email the Embassy in Paris first to confirm.

The Embassy’s contact page does not show opening hours, so call or email before you go. For a tourist or business trip, the e-visa and the visa on arrival letter are both arranged online.

Flights. Andorra has no airport with scheduled flights abroad. Most travellers fly from Barcelona (BCN) or Toulouse. Barcelona has no non-stop flights to Vietnam, so most travellers connect in Doha, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Singapore or Paris.

Lost passport. We found no Andorran embassy in Vietnam. First, report the loss to the local police. Then contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Andorra la Vella, which will tell you which mission can help.

Vietnam visa for Monegasque citizens

Monegasque passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam; Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs lists no visa exemption for any Monegasque passport type.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in Monaco. Monaco has been covered by the Vietnamese Ambassador to France, who presented his credentials to the Prince of Monaco in May 2022, according to Quân đội Nhân dân. A new Ambassador took up the post in Paris in 2026, so email the Embassy in Paris first to confirm (contacts in the Andorra section above).

Flights. Most travellers fly from Nice (NCE), which has no non-stop flights to Vietnam but frequent flights to Paris, Istanbul, Dubai and Doha. From Paris Charles de Gaulle, there are non-stop flights to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

Lost passport. We found no Monegasque embassy in Vietnam. First, report the loss to the local police. Then contact Monaco’s Department of Diplomatic and Consular Relations, which will tell you which mission can help:

Vietnam visa for Sammarinese citizens

Sammarinese passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam; Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs lists no visa exemption for any Sammarinese passport type.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in San Marino. San Marino has been covered by the Vietnamese Ambassador to Italy, according to Quân đội Nhân dân (November 2019). The Ambassador in Rome has changed since then, so email the Embassy in Rome first to confirm.

The Embassy’s contact page does not show opening hours, so call or email before you go. For a tourist or business trip, the e-visa and the visa on arrival letter are both arranged online.

Flights. San Marino has no airport. Most travellers fly from Bologna or Rimini, or from Milan Malpensa, which has non-stop flights to Hanoi, according to FlightConnections (November 2026). Otherwise, connect in Paris, Istanbul, Doha or Dubai.

Lost passport. San Marino’s Department of Foreign Affairs tells citizens who lose a document abroad to contact the competent Italian consular office for an emergency travel document. First, report the loss to the local police. Then contact the Embassy of Italy in Hanoi or the Consulate General of Italy in Ho Chi Minh City:

These contacts come from the Italian consular network page for Vietnam. Call before you go. San Marino’s Department of Foreign Affairs can be reached at viaggiareinformati@esteri.sm.

Vietnam visa for Vatican City passport holders

Vatican City passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam; Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs lists no visa exemption for Vatican City passports.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy for the Holy See, and we found no official page that names a Vietnamese embassy covering Vatican City. However, the e-visa needs no embassy. For an embassy visa or the 5-year certificate, ask the Embassy in Rome (contacts in the San Marino section above) which mission handles your application. In December 2023, the Holy See announced the appointment of its first Resident Papal Representative in Vietnam, according to VietnamPlus.

Flights. Most travellers fly from Rome Fiumicino (FCO), which has no non-stop flights to Vietnam but frequent flights to Istanbul, Doha, Dubai, Bangkok and Singapore.

Lost passport. First, report the loss to the local police. Then contact the office in Vatican City that issued your passport, which will tell you how to get a new travel document.

Leaving Vietnam: exit requirements

Departure step by step

1. Arrive 3 hours before an international flight, more if you claim a VAT refund.
2. VAT refund: show your goods and invoices at the customs refund desk before check-in.
3. Check in and drop your bags.
4. Exit passport control: officers check your visa and the dates of your stay.
5. Security, then duty-free shops and your gate.

Duty-free shopping and VAT refund

After passport control, airport duty-free shops sell goods without Vietnamese taxes. For shopping in the city, you can claim part of the VAT back:

• Buy at shops with a “Tax Refund” sign, and show your passport when you pay.
• Each invoice must be at least VND 2 million, and dated within 60 days before you leave.
• You receive 85% of the VAT paid; the refund bank keeps 15% as a fee.
• Refund desks can have long queues. Arrive early so you do not miss your flight.

What you cannot take out of Vietnam

• Antiques. Genuine antiques need an export permit. Keep the receipt for reproductions.
• Wildlife products. Ivory, rhino horn, turtle shell and many corals are banned.
• Cash and gold above the limits: more than USD 5,000 or VND 15 million in cash, or 300 g or more of gold, without your arrival declaration or a bank paper.
• Drugs and weapons, without exception.

Motorbikes and registration

• Riding a motorbike. A motorbike of 50 cc or more needs a valid licence for that class. Vietnam recognises international driving permits issued under the 1968 Vienna Convention, so check that your international permit is in that format and includes the motorbike class. Check your travel insurance too: an accident without the right licence can mean no cover and an exit ban until the case is settled.
• Registration. You must be registered with the local police where you stay. Hotels do it for you and may keep your passport for a short time; ask for it back once registration is done.

Do not overstay your Vietnam visa

Finally, the Vietnam visa requirements for European microstates also apply on the way out. Leave by the last day on your e-visa or entry stamp. From 15 December 2025, Decree 282/2025/ND-CP sets these fines:

For an overstay of 16 days or more, the authorities can also deport you, and deportation can lead to a ban on future entry. Under Decree 59/2026/ND-CP (in force since 1 April 2026), if a person ordered to be deported cannot pay the fine, the deportation goes ahead at once; you may contact your country’s embassy.

What to do if you have overstayed

1. Contact the Immigration Department or the immigration office of the provincial police before you go to the airport.
2. Pay the fine, and get the exit visa or paperwork you need to leave.
3. Then book your flight, so you are not stopped at passport control.

If you lose your passport, follow the steps in your country’s section above, then take the new travel document to the Vietnamese immigration office for an exit visa before you fly. Keep copies of your passport and e-visa apart from the originals.

Other guides in the region

Neighbouring countries have their own rules and guides: see our Austria guide and the Vietnam visa exemption list for Switzerland, France, Spain and Italy.

For travel agencies, tour operators and companies

Do you send tour groups, incentive trips or business teams from these countries to Vietnam? We prepare e-visas, visa on arrival approval letters and airport fast track for groups, with one contact person and one invoice. Email us at info@visa-vietnam.hk with your expected number of travellers per month to receive our partner rates.

FAQ: Vietnam visa requirements for European microstates

Do citizens of Liechtenstein, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City need a visa for Vietnam?

Yes, for mainland Vietnam. The only visa-free option is Phu Quoc island, for up to 30 days, when you fly there directly from abroad.

Which Vietnamese embassy covers my country?

Bern covers Liechtenstein, Paris covers Andorra and Monaco, and Rome covers San Marino. For Vatican City, see its section. For tourism and business trips, apply for an e-visa online instead.

I live in Monaco or Andorra on a French or Spanish passport. Do I need a visa?

French and Spanish passports are visa-free for up to 45 days for any purpose. Use that passport to enter and leave Vietnam. For a longer stay, you need a visa.

Is there a direct flight to Vietnam?

Not from the five countries themselves. The nearest non-stop flights leave from Paris, Munich and Milan.

What time should I order an urgent e-visa?

The 4-working-hour service closes at 07:00 and 14:00 Vietnam time. That is 01:00 and 08:00 in winter, and 02:00 and 09:00 in summer, in all five countries.

How long can I stay in Vietnam?

Up to 90 days per entry with an e-visa, 15 days with a visa on arrival, and up to 30 days without a visa on Phu Quoc island only.

Facts checked on 12 November 2026: Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs visa exemption list (no row for any of the five countries), VietnamPlus on Vietnam–Liechtenstein relations (October 2026, in Vietnamese), Quân đội Nhân dân on the Ambassador’s credentials in Andorra (April 2022), Monaco (May 2022) and San Marino (November 2019), Monaco’s government on the new ambassadors of May 2022, the contact pages of the Vietnamese embassies in Bern, Paris and Rome, Liechtenstein’s government on consular services abroad, the Swiss FDFA page of the Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City, Monaco’s Department of Diplomatic and Consular Relations, San Marino’s Department of Foreign Affairs travel information, the Italian consular network in Vietnam, VietnamPlus on the first Resident Papal Representative (December 2023), FlightConnections route maps (November 2026), our Vietnam visa exemption list, Circular 163/2026/TT-BTC, Circular 28/2026/TT-BTC, Decree 59/2026/ND-CP (LuatVietnam, in Vietnamese), Decree 282/2025/ND-CP as summarised by Khanh Hoa provincial police, and the official pre-arrival portal. Rules can change, so check official sources before you travel.