Vietnam Visa Requirements for Guatemala, Bolivia, Honduras, Paraguay, Dominican Republic and Nicaragua 2026: Entry, Customs and Exit

This guide covers all six countries in one place: the visa options with documents, fees and processing times, the arrival steps at Vietnamese airports, customs rules and the exit rules, followed by a section for each country with its own embassy, time difference, flights and practical points. Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru and other countries in the region have their own guides, listed near the end of this page under “Other guides in the region”.

We are a private visa service, not the Vietnamese government or an embassy. The Vietnam Immigration Department decides every visa. You can always apply for an e-visa yourself on the official portal evisa.gov.vn for the government fee only. Facts checked in November 2026.

Vietnam visa requirements for Latin American citizens at a glance

Do Latin American citizens of these six countries need a visa for Vietnam?

Yes. Ordinary passports of Guatemala, Bolivia, Honduras, Paraguay, the Dominican Republic and Nicaragua need a visa for every trip to mainland Vietnam, whether for a holiday, business or a family visit. Vietnam’s visa exemption list covers 39 countries in 2026. In Latin America, only Chile and Panama are on it, for up to 90 days. See our Vietnam visa exemption list.

There are four exceptions:

• Phu Quoc island. All nationalities can stay on Phu Quoc for up to 30 days without a visa when arriving there directly from abroad. You need a visa as soon as you travel on to the mainland.
• Airside transit. If you change planes in Vietnam without leaving the international transit area, you do not need a visa. With two separate tickets, however, you collect your bags and pass immigration, so you need a visa.
• Diplomatic and official passports. Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs lists visa exemptions for diplomatic and official passports of Bolivia, Paraguay and the Dominican Republic (up to 90 days) and Nicaragua (up to 30 days). They do not apply to ordinary passports. Guatemala and Honduras have no such entry on the list.
• 5-year visa exemption certificate. Citizens of Vietnamese origin, and spouses or children of Vietnamese citizens, can apply for a visa exemption certificate. It is valid for up to 5 years, with stays of up to 180 days each time. Issued in Vietnam, it costs USD 10 (Circular 28/2026/TT-BTC).

Travellers with a Spanish, Italian or other second passport

Many families in the region also hold Spanish, Italian or US citizenship, and many people live and work in Spain or the United States. Vietnam’s visa exemption depends on the passport you travel on, not on where you live:

Keep two rules in mind: enter and leave Vietnam on the same passport, and book your flights with that passport’s details. An e-visa issued for one passport is not valid in the other. A Spanish or US residence permit does not change the rules for your own passport.

Dual Vietnamese citizens. Vietnam does not generally recognise dual citizenship. If you also hold Vietnamese citizenship, Vietnam may treat you as a Vietnamese citizen, so enter and leave on the same passport.

Vietnam e-visa: the easiest option for all six countries

For almost every traveller from these six countries, the e-visa is the easiest way to meet the Vietnam visa requirements for Latin American citizens. You apply online from Guatemala City, La Paz, Tegucigalpa, Asunción, Santo Domingo, Managua or anywhere else, and the approval arrives as a PDF.

What you need:

• A clear scan of your passport photo page.
• A recent portrait photo, 4 × 6 cm, white background, looking straight at the camera, without glasses.
• Your entry and exit dates, and the airport, seaport or land border where you will enter.
• Your hotel or host address in Vietnam.
• A PayPal or Alipay account (PayPal also takes cards).

Cost and time. The government fee is USD 25 for single entry and USD 50 for multiple entry. The official target is 3 working days, but busy periods take longer. Through our service, a 30-day single-entry e-visa starts at 60 USD in 4 working days, government fee included, and you can pay by PayPal or Alipay.

Apply when? At least 2 to 3 weeks before you fly, and earlier for Semana Santa and the December and January holidays.

Check your e-visa status and print it

• Save your registration code when you submit. You need it, with your email and date of birth, to check the status on evisa.gov.vn.
• Check the status yourself. The portal does not always email you when it asks for a correction, so a status that stays “In processing” can hide a request for more information.
• Print two copies of the approved e-visa, and check every field against your passport before you fly.
• Your e-visa dates are the limit. You can enter and stay only between the “from” and “to” dates on the e-visa.

Common e-visa mistakes

• Two surnames. Most names in these countries have two surnames, and often two given names. Enter every name exactly as printed in the passport, in the same order, without accents (the passport’s machine-readable lines use A to Z only, so “PEÑA” appears as “PENA”).
• Wrong passport. If you have two passports, apply with the one you will actually travel on.
• Entry port type. Choose the right type of entry point. In practice, an e-visa for an airport works at any international airport, but not at a land border or seaport.
• Single entry. If you also visit Cambodia, Laos or Thailand and come back, choose a multiple-entry e-visa.
• Look-alike websites. The official portal is evisa.gov.vn. Other sites, including ours, are private services that charge a service fee. Be careful with any site that promises guaranteed approval, shows countdown timers, or asks for your passport before it states its full price.

For more examples, see our guide to Vietnam e-visa mistakes.

Need a Vietnam visa urgently?

Vietnam is 10 to 13 hours ahead of these countries, so the cut-offs usually fall in your evening or night. Each country section below gives the times in your own time zone. For weekends and Vietnamese public holidays, email our partner at info@vietnamimmigration.org. Read more in our urgent Vietnam visa guide. If you applied yourself and the status still shows “In processing”, a speed-up of your application costs less than a new one.

Vietnam visa on arrival

With a visa on arrival, you first get an approval letter, arranged before you fly by an agency such as ours. Then you collect a 15-day, single-entry visa at the counter of the airport, seaport or land border on your letter. This option suits short trips, and it meets the Vietnam visa requirements for Latin American citizens just as well as an e-visa.

On arrival, you also pay a USD 25 stamping fee in cash, in US dollars, so buy dollars before you leave home. Bring clean, undamaged notes, because torn or heavily marked dollar bills are often refused in Vietnam. You also need the NA1 form with 1 photo attached, plus 1 spare photo; see our NA1 form guide. Read every step in our Vietnam visa on arrival guide.

Which Vietnam visa is best?

Pros and cons:

• E-visa. Pros: online from any city, up to 90 days, multiple entry possible. Cons: the details must match the passport exactly, and the government portal gives no personal support.
• Visa on arrival. Pros: quick approval letter. Cons: only 15 days and single entry, plus a counter stop and USD 25 in cash on arrival.
• Embassy visa. Pros: the route for work visas and the 5-year exemption certificate. Cons: the embassy for your country is in another country, and your passport is held.

Embassy fees. Under Circular 163/2026/TT-BTC, an embassy single-entry visa costs USD 25 and a multiple-entry visa of up to 3 months costs USD 50. These are the same as the government e-visa fees, so the e-visa saves you the trip. For urgent processing, ask the embassy or consulate for its official fee. A tourist e-visa does not allow work: working in Vietnam needs a work permit and a work visa sponsored by your employer in Vietnam.

Our advice: For a trip of two or three weeks, a 30-day single-entry e-visa is enough. Choose a 90-day multiple-entry e-visa for a longer stay or a tour that also takes in Cambodia, Laos or Thailand.

Entry procedure: arriving at a Vietnamese airport

Flights and transit

There are no direct flights from any of the six countries to Vietnam. Most travellers connect in the United States, in Madrid or in another European hub, and then in Asia or the Middle East; travellers from Bolivia and Paraguay often start through São Paulo. Each country section names its main hubs. A connection in the United States needs a US visa, because the US has no visa-free transit, so check the transit rules of every country on your route, and keep your vaccination card with you.

Before you land: the pre-arrival declaration

The pre-arrival declaration is not a visa, but it is now part of the Vietnam visa requirements for Latin American citizens at every international airport. Complete it free at prearrival.immigration.gov.vn within 3 days before you land, and save the QR code. If you travel on a visa on arrival, fill it in at the airport after the visa counter, because it asks for your visa details. It is mandatory for foreign travellers at every international airport in Vietnam. Unless you travel on a visa on arrival, complete it before you leave home, because Wi-Fi and mobile data at the arrival airport can be slow. If you have not done it before the flight, scan the QR codes in the immigration area and fill it in there.

Step by step from the aircraft

1. Leave the aircraft and follow the “Arrivals” and “Immigration” signs.
2. Visa on arrival counter, only with an approval letter: hand in the NA1 form, photos and USD 25, then wait for your name.
3. Passport control. Show your passport and e-visa. Then check the entry stamp before you leave the counter.
4. Baggage claim. Report a missing bag at the airline desk before customs.
5. Customs. Green lane for nothing to declare, red lane for cash or goods above the limits.
6. Arrivals hall. Buy a SIM card, withdraw dong, and find your transport.

Read our full Vietnam entry procedure guide (also in Spanish).

Which airports have the longest queues?

From our airport team’s experience, queues are longest at these airports, from worst to lightest:

1. Tan Son Nhat (SGN), Ho Chi Minh City: late evening and early morning.
2. Noi Bai (HAN), Hanoi: evening peaks.
3. Da Nang (DAD): evening waves of flights from North Asia.
4. Cam Ranh (CXR), Nha Trang: when charter flights land together.
5. Phu Quoc (PQC): shorter, but growing fast.

After a journey across half the world, a long immigration queue is the last thing you want. With our Vietnam airport fast track, our staff meet you before immigration and take you through the priority lane, from USD 45 per person. Book at least 3 days before your flight: bookings for a flight 2 days ahead, the next day or the same day carry an urgent surcharge of USD 20, 30 or 50 per person.

Avoid scams at the airport

• Use official transport. Choose the taxi rank, a Grab ride booked in the app, or well-known taxi companies such as Vinasun, Mai Linh or Xanh SM.
• Agree the fare first, or check that the meter is on.
• Bring clean US dollars. Quetzales, bolivianos, lempiras, guaraníes, Dominican pesos and córdobas are hard to exchange in Vietnam. Dollars are easy to change, but only clean, undamaged notes; torn or marked bills are often refused.
• Keep your passport with you. No one in the arrivals hall needs it to “help” with your visa.
• Count your change. The VND 20,000 and VND 500,000 notes are both blue and easy to mix up.

Vietnam customs rules

Customs checks are the last of the Vietnam visa requirements for Latin American citizens on arrival. The rules are the same for every nationality; each country section below adds a few practical points.

Points for all travellers from the region

• Drugs. Vietnam’s drug laws are very strict: trafficking can carry the death penalty. Never carry a bag, parcel or “gift” for someone else, and pack your bags yourself.
• Vapes. Banned in Vietnam from 1 January 2025, including possession. Customs can confiscate them, so leave them at home.
• Coffee and sweets. Roasted coffee, chocolate and sweets in sealed retail packs are fine for personal use and gifts, within the VND 10 million allowance. Fresh fruit and raw plant products may need a plant quarantine check, so leave them at home.
• Prescription medicine. Strong painkillers, ADHD medicines and some sleeping tablets are controlled. Bring them in the original packaging, with your prescription and a doctor’s letter in English, and only the amount you need.

For more details, read the complete Vietnam customs rules guide (also in Spanish).

Vietnam visa for Guatemalan citizens

Guatemalan passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam; Guatemala has no visa exemption agreement with Vietnam for any passport type.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in Guatemala. Instead, the Vietnamese Ambassador to Mexico is also accredited to Guatemala and presented his credentials to President Bernardo Arévalo on 16 January 2026, according to VTV, Vietnam’s national television.

The Embassy’s website does not show its opening hours on the main page, so call or email before you go.

Urgent e-visa from Guatemala. Guatemala is on UTC−6 all year, so Vietnam is 13 hours ahead. Order by 20:00 the day before for the 2-working-day service, by 19:00 the day before for 1 working day, and by 18:00 the day before or 01:00 for 4 working hours.

Flights. From La Aurora airport (GUA), most travellers first connect in the United States (for example Los Angeles, Houston or Dallas), in Mexico City or in Madrid.

Documents and practical points. The DPI (Documento Personal de Identificación) is not accepted for Vietnam, so you need your passport. Coffee from Guatemala is a popular gift and is fine in sealed retail packs; rum and other spirits above 20% fall under the 1.5-litre allowance.

Lost passport. Guatemala has no embassy in Vietnam. Report the loss to the local police, then contact Guatemala’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which will tell you which Guatemalan embassy covers Vietnam:

Vietnam visa for Bolivian citizens

Bolivian ordinary passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam. Diplomatic and official passports are exempt for up to 90 days, according to Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in Bolivia. Instead, the Vietnamese Ambassador to Brazil is also accredited to Bolivia and presented his credentials to the Bolivian President on 27 January 2025, according to Việt Nam News.

The Embassy’s website does not show its opening hours on the main page, so call or email before you go.

Urgent e-visa from Bolivia. Bolivia is on UTC−4 all year, so Vietnam is 11 hours ahead. Order by 22:00 the day before for 2 working days, by 21:00 the day before for 1 working day, and by 20:00 the day before or 03:00 for 4 working hours.

Flights. From Viru Viru airport in Santa Cruz (VVI), most travellers first connect through Madrid, São Paulo or Miami.

Documents and practical points. Like other national ID cards, the cédula de identidad is not accepted for Vietnam. Never pack coca leaves, coca tea (mate de coca) or coca sweets. They are legal in Bolivia, but coca leaf is a controlled narcotic under international drug law, and in Vietnam it can lead to arrest. Singani and other spirits above 20% fall under the 1.5-litre allowance.

Lost passport. Bolivia has no embassy in Vietnam. Report the loss to the local police, then contact Bolivia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which will tell you which Bolivian embassy covers Vietnam:

Vietnam visa for Honduran citizens

Honduran passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam; Honduras has no visa exemption agreement with Vietnam for any passport type.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in Honduras. Instead, the Vietnamese Ambassador to Mexico is also accredited to Honduras and presented his credentials to the President of Honduras on 13 June 2025, according to Quân đội Nhân dân, the newspaper of the Vietnam People’s Army. The contacts of the Embassy in Mexico City are in the Guatemala section above.

Urgent e-visa from Honduras. Honduras is on UTC−6 all year, so Vietnam is 13 hours ahead: order by 20:00 the day before for 2 working days, by 19:00 the day before for 1 working day, and by 18:00 the day before or 01:00 for 4 working hours.

Flights. From San Pedro Sula (SAP) or Tegucigalpa, most travellers first connect in the United States (for example Miami, Houston or Atlanta), in Mexico City or in Madrid.

Documents and practical points. The DNI (Documento Nacional de Identificación) is not accepted for Vietnam, so travel on your passport. Cigars are a popular gift: the duty-free allowance is 20 cigars per adult, so declare any more. Coffee in sealed retail packs, on the other hand, is fine.

Lost passport. Honduras has no embassy in Vietnam. Report the loss to the local police, then contact Honduras’s Secretariat of Foreign Affairs, which will tell you which Honduran embassy covers Vietnam:

Vietnam visa for Paraguayan citizens

Paraguayan ordinary passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam. Diplomatic and official passports are exempt for up to 90 days, according to Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in Paraguay. Instead, the Vietnamese Ambassador to Argentina is also accredited to Paraguay and presented her credentials to President Santiago Peña in Asunción on 20 August 2025, according to Việt Nam News.

The Embassy’s website does not show its opening hours on the main page, so call or email before you go.

Urgent e-visa from Paraguay. Paraguay has stayed on UTC−3 all year since October 2024, so Vietnam is 10 hours ahead all year. Order by 23:00 the day before for 2 working days, by 22:00 the day before for 1 working day, and by 21:00 the day before or 04:00 for 4 working hours.

Flights. From Silvio Pettirossi airport in Asunción (ASU), most travellers first connect through São Paulo, Buenos Aires or Madrid; there are no non-stop flights from Asunción to the United States.

Documents and practical points. Like other national ID cards, the cédula de identidad is not accepted for Vietnam. Yerba mate in sealed retail packs is normally fine for personal use; loose herbs and other raw plant products may need a plant quarantine check.

Lost passport. Paraguay has no embassy in Vietnam. Report the loss to the local police, then contact Paraguay’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which will tell you which Paraguayan embassy covers Vietnam:

Vietnam visa for citizens of the Dominican Republic

Ordinary passports of the Dominican Republic need a visa for mainland Vietnam. Diplomatic and official passports are exempt for up to 90 days under an agreement signed in Hanoi in August 2007, according to the Dominican Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in the Dominican Republic. Instead, the Vietnamese Ambassador to Cuba is also accredited to the Dominican Republic and presented his credentials in Santo Domingo on 29 May 2025, according to Thế giới & Việt Nam, the newspaper of Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The Embassy’s website does not show its opening hours, so call or email before you go.

Urgent e-visa from the Dominican Republic. The Dominican Republic is on UTC−4 all year, so Vietnam is 11 hours ahead: order by 22:00 the day before for 2 working days, by 21:00 the day before for 1 working day, and by 20:00 the day before or 03:00 for 4 working hours.

Flights. From Las Américas airport in Santo Domingo (SDQ), most travellers first connect through New York, Miami or Madrid.

Documents and practical points. The cédula de identidad y electoral is not accepted for Vietnam, so travel on your passport. Rum and other spirits above 20% fall under the 1.5-litre allowance, and cigars under the 20-cigar allowance per adult.

Lost passport. The Dominican Republic has an embassy in Hanoi. Report the loss to the local police, then contact the Embassy:

The Embassy’s website does not publish opening hours, so email before you go.

Vietnam visa for Nicaraguan citizens

Nicaraguan ordinary passports need a visa for mainland Vietnam. Diplomatic and official passports are exempt for up to 30 days, according to Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Embassy. Vietnam has no embassy in Nicaragua. Instead, the Vietnamese Ambassador to Cuba is also accredited to Nicaragua, with his seat in Havana, according to Nicaragua’s official gazette (June 2024). The contacts of the Embassy in Havana are in the Dominican Republic section above.

Urgent e-visa from Nicaragua. Nicaragua is on UTC−6 all year, so Vietnam is 13 hours ahead: order by 20:00 the day before for 2 working days, by 19:00 the day before for 1 working day, and by 18:00 the day before or 01:00 for 4 working hours.

Flights. From Augusto C. Sandino airport in Managua (MGA), most travellers first connect in the United States (for example Miami or Houston), in Mexico City or in Panama City.

Documents and practical points. Like other national ID cards, the cédula de identidad is not accepted for Vietnam. Rum and other spirits above 20% fall under the 1.5-litre allowance, and cigars under the 20-cigar allowance per adult.

Lost passport. Nicaragua has reopened its embassy in Hanoi, but we could not find its contact details on an official page. Report the loss to the local police, then ask Nicaragua’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Managua, or a Nicaraguan consulate, for the Embassy’s current contacts.

Leaving Vietnam: exit requirements

Departure step by step

1. Arrive 3 hours before an international flight, more if you claim a VAT refund.
2. VAT refund: show your goods and invoices at the customs refund desk before check-in.
3. Check in and drop your bags.
4. Exit passport control: officers check your visa and the dates of your stay.
5. Security, then duty-free shops and your gate.

Duty-free shopping and VAT refund

After passport control, airport duty-free shops sell goods without Vietnamese taxes. For shopping in the city, you can claim part of the VAT back:

• Buy at shops with a “Tax Refund” sign, and show your passport when you pay.
• Each invoice must be at least VND 2 million, and dated within 60 days before you leave.
• You receive 85% of the VAT paid; the refund bank keeps 15% as a fee.
• Refund desks can have long queues. Arrive early so you do not miss your flight.

What you cannot take out of Vietnam

• Antiques. Genuine antiques need an export permit. Keep the receipt for reproductions.
• Wildlife products. Ivory, rhino horn, turtle shell and many corals are banned.
• Cash and gold above the limits: more than USD 5,000 or VND 15 million in cash, or 300 g or more of gold, without your arrival declaration or a bank paper.
• Drugs and weapons, without exception.

Motorbikes and registration

• Riding a motorbike. A motorbike of 50 cc or more needs a valid licence for that class. Vietnam recognises international driving permits issued under the 1968 Vienna Convention, so check that your international permit is in that format and includes the motorbike class. Check your travel insurance too: an accident without the right licence can mean no cover and an exit ban until the case is settled.
• Registration. You must be registered with the local police where you stay. Hotels do it for you and may keep your passport for a short time; ask for it back once registration is done.

Do not overstay your Vietnam visa

Finally, the Vietnam visa requirements for Latin American citizens also apply on the way out. Leave by the last day on your e-visa or entry stamp. From 15 December 2025, Decree 282/2025/ND-CP sets these fines:

For an overstay of 16 days or more, the authorities can also deport you, and deportation can lead to a ban on future entry. Under Decree 59/2026/ND-CP (in force since 1 April 2026), if a person ordered to be deported cannot pay the fine, the deportation goes ahead at once; you may contact your country’s embassy.

What to do if you have overstayed

1. Contact the Immigration Department or the immigration office of the provincial police before you go to the airport.
2. Pay the fine, and get the exit visa or paperwork you need to leave.
3. Then book your flight, so you are not stopped at passport control.

If you lose your passport, follow the steps in your country’s section above, then take the new travel document to the Vietnamese immigration office for an exit visa before you fly.

Other guides in the region

Several countries in Latin America have their own detailed guide: Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Uruguay, Cuba, Venezuela, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Brazil. Chile and Panama are visa-exempt for up to 90 days; see the exemption list.

For travel agencies, tour operators and companies

Do you send tour groups, incentive trips or business teams from Guatemala, Bolivia, Honduras, Paraguay, the Dominican Republic or Nicaragua to Vietnam? We prepare e-visas, visa on arrival approval letters and airport fast track for groups, with one contact person and one invoice. Email us at info@visa-vietnam.hk with your expected number of travellers per month to receive our partner rates.

FAQ: Vietnam visa requirements for Latin American citizens

Do citizens of Guatemala, Bolivia, Honduras, Paraguay, the Dominican Republic and Nicaragua need a visa for Vietnam?

Yes, for mainland Vietnam. The only visa-free option on an ordinary passport of these six countries is Phu Quoc island, for up to 30 days, when you fly there directly from abroad.

Which Vietnamese embassy covers my country?

The Embassy in Mexico City covers Guatemala and Honduras, the Embassy in Havana covers the Dominican Republic and Nicaragua, the Embassy in Brasília covers Bolivia, and the Embassy in Buenos Aires covers Paraguay. For tourism and business trips, apply for an e-visa online instead.

I also have a Spanish passport. Do I need a visa?

Not for up to 45 days, if you enter and leave Vietnam on your Spanish passport (Resolution 44/NQ-CP). For a longer stay, or on your other passport, you need a visa.

Can I travel to Vietnam with my national ID card?

No. The DPI, DNI, cédula de identidad or cédula de identidad y electoral is not a travel document for Vietnam. You need your passport, valid for at least 6 months from your entry date.

Can I take coca tea to Vietnam?

No. Coca leaves, coca tea and coca sweets are legal in Bolivia, but coca leaf is a controlled narcotic, and in Vietnam it can lead to arrest. Leave them at home.

What time should I order an urgent e-visa?

The 4-working-hour service closes at 07:00 and 14:00 Vietnam time. That is 18:00 the day before and 01:00 in Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua; 20:00 the day before and 03:00 in Bolivia and the Dominican Republic; and 21:00 the day before and 04:00 in Paraguay.

How long can I stay in Vietnam?

Up to 90 days per entry with an e-visa, 15 days with a visa on arrival, and up to 30 days without a visa on Phu Quoc island only.

Facts checked on 12 November 2026: Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs visa exemption list (Bolivia, Paraguay, Dominican Republic: diplomatic and official passports, 90 days; Nicaragua: 30 days), the Dominican Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the 2007 visa exemption agreement for diplomatic and official passports, VTV on the Ambassador to Mexico and Guatemala (January 2026), Quân đội Nhân dân on the Ambassador to Mexico and Honduras (June 2025), Việt Nam News on the Ambassador to Brazil and Bolivia (January 2025) and on the Ambassador to Argentina and Paraguay (August 2025), Thế giới & Việt Nam on the Ambassador to Cuba and the Dominican Republic (May 2025, in Vietnamese), Nicaragua’s official gazette (La Gaceta, Presidential Agreement 91-2024, June 2024) on the Ambassador to Cuba accredited to Nicaragua.

Contacts and other rules: the Embassies of Vietnam in Mexico, Cuba, Brazil and Argentina, the Embassy of the Dominican Republic in Vietnam, the Hague Conference’s national-authority pages for Guatemala and Honduras, the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Bolivia and Paraguay, Paraguay’s Law 7354/2024 on official time (UTC−3 all year), the US CDC’s yellow fever information for Vietnam, FlightConnections route maps (November 2026), our Vietnam visa exemption list, Circular 163/2026/TT-BTC, Circular 28/2026/TT-BTC, Decree 59/2026/ND-CP (LuatVietnam, in Vietnamese), Decree 282/2025/ND-CP as summarised by Khanh Hoa provincial police, and the official pre-arrival portal. Rules can change, so check official sources before you travel.